Spoken English: Zero to Fluent

Say the 26 letters, greet anyone at any time of day, introduce yourself and use the polite words that open every door.

1. The English alphabet and its soundsEnglish has 26 letters. Each letter has a name (A is "ay") and one or more sounds (A in "cat" sounds "a"). Knowing both helps you spell your name and read new words. अंग्रेज़ी में 26 अक्षर हैं; हर अक्षर का एक नाम और एक आवाज़ होती है।15 min
2. Hello and goodbye: greetings for every timeA greeting is the first thing you say when you meet someone. Say "Good morning" before 12 noon, "Good afternoon" from 12 to about 5 pm, and "Good evening" after that. "Good night" means goodbye, not hello. अभिवादन (greeting) से बातचीत शुरू होती है।12 min
3. Introducing yourselfIntroducing yourself means telling people your name, where you are from and what you do. Use short, clear lines: "My name is Anjali. I am from Lucknow. I am a student." अपना परिचय देना हर नई मुलाक़ात का पहला कदम है।15 min
4. Please, thank you, sorry and excuse meFour small words make your English polite: please, thank you, sorry and excuse me. Use "please" when you ask, "thank you" when you get, "sorry" when you make a mistake, and "excuse me" to get attention. ये चार शब्द आपकी अंग्रेज़ी को विनम्र बनाते हैं।12 min

Count, give a phone number, tell the time, say dates and talk about prices in rupees without stopping to think.

1. Numbers: from one to one croreNumbers are everywhere: phone numbers, prices, ages and bus numbers. Learn 1 to 20 first, then the tens (30, 40, 50), then hundred, thousand and lakh. Say phone numbers one digit at a time. संख्याएँ रोज़ काम आती हैं, इन्हें ज़ोर से बोलकर याद करें।15 min
2. Telling the timeTo ask the time, say "What time is it?" or "Excuse me, do you have the time?". Answer with "It is five o'clock" or "It is half past five". Use "am" for morning and "pm" for afternoon and night. समय बताना हर दिन काम आता है।12 min
3. Days, months and datesThere are seven days and twelve months. For dates we use special numbers: first, second, third, fourth. Say "on Monday", "in May" and "on the fifth of May". दिन, महीने और तारीख़ बोलना सीखें।14 min
4. Money and prices in rupeesAsk "How much is this?" to know a price. Say prices like "two hundred rupees" or "ninety-nine rupees fifty paise". Learn words for paying: cash, UPI, card, change. पैसे और दाम की बात अंग्रेज़ी में आसान है।14 min

The small words that hold every English sentence together: am, is, are; a, an, the; have and has; this and that; in, on and at.

1. I am, you are, he is: the verb "be"The verb "be" has three forms in the present: am, is and are. Use "I am", "he/she/it is" and "you/we/they are". It is the most used verb in English. "है/हैं/हूँ" के लिए am, is, are का प्रयोग होता है।15 min
2. A, an and theUse "a" before a consonant sound (a book) and "an" before a vowel sound (an apple). Use "the" for something specific that both people know (the sun, the bus we take). Hindi has no articles, so this needs practice. a, an, the को articles कहते हैं।15 min
3. Have and has; this, that; my and yourUse "have" with I, you, we, they and "has" with he, she, it: "She has two children." Use "this/these" for things near you and "that/those" for things far away. My, your, his and her show who owns something. ये शब्द चीज़ों और रिश्तों की बात करने में काम आते हैं।15 min
4. In, on, at, under, near: small words of place and timePrepositions show where something is or when something happens. "The keys are on the table." "The cat is under the bed." "I will meet you at 5 pm on Monday." Hindi puts these words after the noun (मेज़ पर); English puts them before (on the table).15 min

Talk about habits, ask any question, tell what happened yesterday and say what you will do tomorrow.

1. Simple present: habits and factsUse the simple present for things you do again and again (habits) and for facts. "I drink tea every morning." "The sun rises in the east." With he, she and it, add -s: "She drinks coffee." रोज़ की आदतों और सच्ची बातों के लिए simple present।15 min
2. Asking questions: yes/no and wh- questionsThere are two kinds of questions. Yes/no questions start with a helper verb: "Are you hungry?" "Do you like tea?" Wh- questions start with a question word: what, where, when, who, why, how. सवाल पूछना बातचीत की चाबी है।16 min
3. Simple past: talking about yesterdayUse the simple past for finished actions: "I watched a film yesterday." Most verbs add -ed (walk → walked), but many common verbs are irregular (go → went, eat → ate). For "be", use was and were. बीती हुई बातों के लिए simple past।16 min
4. Talking about the future: will and going toUse "will" for quick decisions, promises and predictions: "I will call you." Use "going to" for plans you already made: "I am going to visit my aunt on Sunday." Both are common in speech. भविष्य की बात के लिए will और going to।15 min

Talk about your family and your day, shop and bargain at the market, and order food anywhere from a dhaba to an app.

1. Family and the people in your lifeFamily words help you talk about the people you love: mother, father, brother, sister, husband, wife, son, daughter. English has fewer words than Hindi for relatives, so "uncle" can mean chacha, mama, mausa or fufa. परिवार के बारे में बात करना सबसे आसान शुरुआत है।14 min
2. Your daily routineA daily routine is what you do every day: wake up, brush your teeth, have breakfast, go to work or college, come home, cook, sleep. Use the simple present and time words like "first", "then" and "after that". अपनी दिनचर्या अंग्रेज़ी में बताना बहुत अच्छा अभ्यास है।15 min
3. Shopping and bargainingAt a shop or market you need a few key lines: "Do you have...?", "How much is it?", "Can you give a discount?" and "I'll take it." Bargaining is common in Indian markets; keep it friendly and polite. ख़रीदारी और मोलभाव अंग्रेज़ी में भी आसान है।16 min
4. Ordering foodTo order food, say "Can I have...?" or "I'd like...". Ask "What do you recommend?" if you are not sure. At the end, ask for the bill. The same phrases work at a dhaba, a restaurant and on a call to a delivery shop. खाना ऑर्डर करना सीखें।15 min

Present and past continuous, the present perfect that confuses everyone, and one simple map of all twelve tenses with the few you really need.

1. Present continuous: what is happening nowThe present continuous shows an action happening now or around now: "I am cooking." "She is working from home this week." The pattern is am/is/are + verb-ing. अभी चल रहे काम के लिए present continuous: "रहा है / रही है"।15 min
2. Past continuous: what was happeningThe past continuous shows an action in progress at a time in the past: "At 8 pm I was watching TV." It often sets the scene for a short action: "I was cooking when the doorbell rang." Pattern: was/were + verb-ing. "रहा था / रही थी" के लिए past continuous।14 min
3. Present perfect: have done, has beenThe present perfect connects the past to now: "I have finished my work" (so I am free now). Use it for life experience ("Have you ever been to Goa?"), recent news and "since/for". Pattern: have/has + past participle (done, gone, seen). "चुका है / चुकी है" वाले भाव के लिए present perfect।18 min
4. The tense map: all twelve tenses on one pageEnglish has 12 tenses: past, present and future, each in four forms (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous). You do not need all of them every day. Five or six tenses cover most conversations. एक नक़्शे में सारे काल, ताकि डर ख़त्म हो।18 min

Can and could, should and must, polite requests, "if" sentences and comparing things: the grammar that makes you sound natural and kind.

1. Can and could: ability, permission and possibility"Can" shows what you are able to do ("I can drive") and asks permission ("Can I sit here?"). "Could" is the past of can ("I could swim when I was five") and a more polite way to ask ("Could you help me?"). After can and could, use the base verb. सकना = can / could।14 min
2. Should, must and have to: advice and rulesUse "should" to give advice ("You should drink more water"). Use "must" and "have to" for strong rules or needs ("You must wear a helmet." "I have to leave at 6."). "Mustn't" means it is not allowed; "don't have to" means it is not needed. सलाह के लिए should, ज़रूरी बात के लिए must / have to।15 min
3. Polite requests and offersIn English, how you ask matters as much as what you ask. "Give me the file" sounds rude; "Could you send me the file, please?" sounds kind. Learn a few soft starters: "Could you...", "Would you mind...", "May I...", "I'd like...". विनम्र तरीक़े से माँगना एक कला है।15 min
4. If sentences: zero and first conditionalUse "if" to talk about results. Zero conditional for facts: "If you heat ice, it melts." First conditional for real future possibilities: "If it rains, I will take an umbrella." After "if", use the present tense, not "will". "अगर ... तो ..." वाले वाक्य।15 min
5. Comparing: bigger, more expensive, the bestTo compare two things, add -er or use "more": "Delhi is bigger than Shimla." "This phone is more expensive than that one." For the top one in a group, use -est or "the most": "the tallest", "the most beautiful". तुलना करने के लिए comparative और superlative।15 min

English for the moments that matter: travelling, phone calls, describing people and places, and talking about how you feel and what you think.

1. Travel: stations, airports, hotels and directionsWhen you travel, a few phrases do most of the work: buying a ticket, checking in at an airport or hotel, and asking the way. Learn the direction words: go straight, turn left, opposite, next to. Some Indian travel words are different abroad, so learn both. यात्रा में सबसे ज़्यादा काम आने वाले वाक्य।16 min
2. Phone calls: making, taking and leaving messagesPhone calls feel hard because you cannot see the other person's face. The answer is fixed phrases: start with "Hi, this is Priya from...", ask "Could I speak to...?", and end with "Thanks for your help. Bye!" If the line is bad, say "Sorry, you're breaking up." फ़ोन पर बात करने के तैयार वाक्य।16 min
3. Describing people: looks and personalityTo describe how someone looks, talk about height, build, hair, age and clothes: "She's tall, with short curly hair." To describe their nature, use words like friendly, shy or hard-working. "What does she look like?" asks about looks; "What is she like?" asks about personality. किसी व्यक्ति का रूप और स्वभाव बताना।15 min
4. Describing places and thingsTo describe a place, use "there is / there are" and good describing words: "My town is small and peaceful. There are two big markets." To describe a thing, give its size, colour, material and use: "It's made of steel. It's used for keeping water cold." जगह और चीज़ों का वर्णन करना।15 min
5. Feelings and opinionsGo beyond "happy" and "sad": say excited, nervous, upset, relieved or proud. Use -ed words for how you feel ("I'm bored") and -ing words for what causes the feeling ("The class is boring"). Give opinions with "I think" and disagree softly: "I see your point, but..." अपनी भावनाएँ और राय बताना।16 min

Imagine and give advice, talk about regrets and wishes, say what was done and pass on what people said: the grammar that takes your English from simple sentences to real conversations.

1. If I were you: imagining and advice (second conditional)Use the second conditional to imagine things that are not true now, or not likely: "If I had a car, I would drive to work." The form is: if + past, would + verb. To give advice, say "If I were you, I'd...". कल्पना वाली बात: "अगर मेरे पास कार होती, तो..."।16 min
2. Regrets and wishes: third conditional, wish and if onlyTo imagine a different past, use the third conditional: "If I had left early, I would have caught the train." To show regret (पछतावा), say "I wish I had..." or "I should have...". To wish for a different present, say "I wish I knew...". पछतावे और इच्छा की बातें।17 min
3. Passive voice: it was made, it is doneIn the passive voice, the action matters more than the person who does it: "Tickets are sold online." "Your application has been received." The form is be + past participle (the third form of the verb). Add "by" to say who did it. जब काम ज़्यादा ज़रूरी हो, करने वाला नहीं।17 min
4. Reported speech: he said that...Reported speech is how we tell others what someone said: "He said that he was tired." Use "say" without a person and "tell" with a person: "She told me...". The tense often moves one step back: "I am busy" becomes "She said she was busy." किसी की कही बात दूसरों को बताना।18 min

The phrasal verbs and idioms that fluent speakers use every day, and the Indian-English words and grammar habits that confuse listeners abroad, with kind, natural fixes. Keep your Indian English, and learn to switch when you need to.

1. Phrasal verbs for daily lifeA phrasal verb is a verb plus a small word like up, off, on or out. The small word changes the meaning: "give" means देना, but "give up" means छोड़ देना or हार मानना. Fluent speakers use phrasal verbs all day, so the common ones make your English sound natural at once. Phrasal verb = verb + छोटा शब्द, और मतलब बदल जाता है।16 min
2. Phrasal verbs for work and studyAt work and college, people say "go through the report", "follow up with the client" and "sort it out". In formal emails and reports, a one-word verb like "postpone" or "resolve" often fits better; in meetings and chats, the phrasal verb sounds friendlier. Learn both, and choose by the situation. बातचीत में phrasal verb, औपचारिक ईमेल में एक शब्द वाली क्रिया।17 min
3. Idioms: Indian favourites and international onesAn idiom (मुहावरा) is a group of words with a special meaning you cannot guess from the single words. "It's a piece of cake" means "It's very easy"; there is no cake. Use one or two idioms in a conversation, not ten, and choose ones people still use today. मुहावरे बातचीत में रंग भरते हैं, पर कम और सही जगह पर।16 min
4. Indian-English word choices and natural fixesIndian English is a real, respected kind of English, and words like "prepone" and "do the needful" work well inside India. But in international calls, emails and travel, some of them confuse listeners. Learn the natural international version of each, so you can switch easily when you need to. भारत में चलने वाले शब्द, और दुनिया भर में समझे जाने वाले शब्द।17 min
5. Indian-English grammar slips and fixesSome grammar habits travel from Hindi into our English: "I am knowing him", "discuss about", "since two years", and "isn't it?" after every sentence. People in India usually understand them, but in interviews and international talk they sound like mistakes. Fix a few patterns and your English sounds polished at once. हिंदी से आई कुछ आदतें, और उनके आसान सुधार।18 min

Clear speech, not a foreign accent: the tricky English sounds, word and sentence stress, the schwa, silent letters, -ed and -s endings, and friendly small talk with good listening.

1. Tricky sounds: th, v and w, z, and moreSome English sounds are not in Hindi, or Hindi uses one letter for two English sounds. The big ones are "th" (tongue between the teeth), v and w, z, sh and s, and short i versus long ee. You do not need a foreign accent; an Indian accent is fine. You only need to be clear. विदेशी लहजा नहीं, साफ़ उच्चारण ज़रूरी है।18 min
2. Word stress and the schwa soundEvery English word with two or more syllables (parts) has one strong part, said louder and longer: PHO-to, ho-TEL, com-PU-ter. The other parts are weak, and many weak vowels become a soft "uh" sound called the schwa. Correct stress makes you much easier to understand. हर लंबे शब्द के एक हिस्से पर ज़ोर होता है।17 min
3. Sentence stress, linking and intonationIn a sentence, English makes the important words strong and the small words weak and quick: "I WANT to GO to the MARket." Words also join together, and your voice goes up or down to show a question, a statement or a feeling. This rhythm makes you sound natural and easy to follow. ज़रूरी शब्दों पर ज़ोर दें, छोटे शब्द हल्के बोलें।18 min
4. Silent letters and -ed and -s endingsEnglish spelling and sound often do not match. Many words have silent letters: the k in "know", the w in "write", the b in "comb". The -ed and -s endings also change their sound: "worked" ends in a t sound, "played" in a d sound, and only words like "wanted" add an extra "id". अंग्रेज़ी में कई अक्षर लिखे जाते हैं पर बोले नहीं जाते।17 min
5. Small talk and active listeningSmall talk is a light, friendly chat about safe topics like the weather, the weekend or food. It builds good relationships at work and in daily life. Good small talk is a simple circle: ask, answer, add a detail and ask back, while showing that you are listening. If you miss something, it is fine to ask politely. छोटी-छोटी बातचीत से रिश्ते बनते हैं।16 min

Write clear office emails, speak up in meetings and video calls, give presentations people remember, answer interview questions with confidence and shine in group discussions.

1. Office emails and messagesA good work email has a clear subject line, a friendly greeting, one clear request and a polite closing. Keep it short, because most people read emails on their phones. The modern style is polite but direct. ऑफ़िस ईमेल: छोटा, साफ़ और विनम्र।16 min
2. Meetings and video callsIn meetings you need a few ready phrases: to start, to give an update, to ask for a turn, to disagree politely and to close with clear action items. On video calls you also need phrases like "You're on mute". Short, clear sentences work best. मीटिंग में बोलने के लिए तैयार वाक्य सीखिए।16 min
3. Presentations that people rememberA good presentation has a clear shape: open, share the agenda, give three main points, sum up and take questions. Signposting phrases like "Let's move on to..." guide your listeners. Speak slowly, pause, and stress the key words. अच्छी प्रेज़ेंटेशन = साफ़ ढाँचा + धीमी, साफ़ आवाज़।17 min
4. Job interviews: tell me about yourself"Tell me about yourself" is usually the first interview question. Answer in 60 to 90 seconds: who you are now (present), what you have done (past), and why you want this job (future). Do not repeat your whole CV or talk about your family. अपने बारे में बताइए: अभी, पहले, और आगे।18 min
5. Tough interview questions: strengths, weaknesses, salaryTough questions test honesty and calm, not perfect English. Give strengths with proof, a real weakness with what you are doing about it, and a positive reason for changing jobs. For salary, give a researched range and stay open to discussion. मुश्किल सवालों में ईमानदार और शांत रहें।18 min
6. Group discussions (GD)A group discussion (GD) tests how clearly you think, how well you listen and how you lead, not how loudly you speak. Open with a clear point, build on what others say, disagree politely and help the group reach a conclusion. GD में ज़ोर से नहीं, समझदारी से बोलें।17 min

Tell stories people enjoy, argue a point with respect, train your ear and mouth with shadowing, build a daily speaking habit and speak without fear.

1. Telling a story wellA good story has a simple shape: where and when, a problem, a turning point and an ending. Use the past simple for the main events and the past continuous for the background. Small details and feelings make people listen. कहानी छोटी रखें, पर दिलचस्प बनाएँ।18 min
2. Debates: give reasons and win respectIn a debate, the calm person with clear reasons wins, not the loud one. Use PREP: make your Point, give a Reason, add an Example, then repeat your Point. Accept a fair point before you disagree. शांत रहें, तर्क दें, उदाहरण दें।18 min
3. Shadowing and thinking in EnglishShadowing means speaking along with a recording, just a moment behind it, copying its sounds and rhythm. Thinking in English means talking to yourself in English instead of translating from Hindi. Together they make your speech faster and more natural. रोज़ 10 मिनट काफ़ी हैं।16 min
4. Your daily speaking routineFluency comes from speaking a little every day, not a lot once a week. A 20 to 30 minute routine is enough: warm up, shadow, speak on a topic and record it, learn a few chunks, and have one real conversation. रोज़ थोड़ा-थोड़ा बोलना ही असली अभ्यास है।15 min
5. Speaking with confidenceConfidence does not mean speaking without mistakes. It means you keep talking even when you make one. People care about your message more than your grammar. गलती से डरिए मत; बोलते रहिए।16 min